Improvement in furnaces for locomotives



3 Sheets--Sheet I. u. r. HAYDEN.

Furnace for Locomot'iv es. No. 168,899. Patented0ct.19,1875.

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WITNESSES R IN VIEJV'TOR NPLTERS. FHOTO-LITHOGRAFHER WASHINGTON. D C.

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Patented Oct. 19,1875.

No.l 68,899.

Illl Illl NPETEHS. FHOTO-LITHOGRAPHER, WASHINGYON, D c.

v 3Sheets- Sheer3. H. F. HAYDEN. Furnace for Locomotives.

N0.l68,899 Patented0ct.l9,l875

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WITNESSES 1N VEJVTOR I To all whom it may concern:

boiler and furnace-door.

HENRY F. HAYDErtor WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

IMPROVEMENT IN FURN ACES FOR LOCOMOTIVES.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. .1 68.899; datedOctober 19, 1875; application filed October 9, 1875.

Be it known that I, HENRY F. HAYDEN, of the city and county ofWashington and 'Dis- 1 trict of Columbia, have invented certain new ,anduseful Improvements in Doors and Attachments thereto for Locomotive and.other had to the accompanying drawings, making part of thisspecification, in which Figure 1 represents a vertical longitudinal 1section through so much of a locomotive as is necessary to show myimprovements. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same on the line onas, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the Fig. 4' is a verticaltransverse section on the line 2 2, Fig. 1. Fig.

. 5 is a vertical section through the air pipe or tube and its branchesconnected with the furnace-door'easing, talren on the line 3 y, Fig. 2.Fig. 6 represents a front elevation of, and a vertical section through,the mouth of one of the air-supply tubesyand Fig. 7'represeutsmodifications in the form of the furnace-door or door-casing. I

Similar letters of reference denote corresponding parts wherever used.

The invention relates to a novel means for supplying atmospheric air tovarious parts of the fire-box and combustion-chamber for promotingcombustion at points 'Where, as furnaces are ordinarily constructed,either dead spaces exist, or, from the lack of a sufficient supply ofair, combustion is either retarded or suppressed," and, to this end, myinvention consists, first, in the combination, with a double-walleddoor-casing, or one in which the air 'is admitted through ducts orpassages outside 'of and around the coal-chute, of an air tube or pipeprovided with pendent branches orshort tubes, through which the air isconveyed to, and discharged in small jets at, the front of the fire,where, from the lack of such a supply of air, dead spaces are usuallyfound in furnaces as ordinarily constructed. It further consists in thecombination, with the firebox, of a perforated annular or double-walledair-duct, surrounding, or nearly surrounding, the mouths of the tubes orpipes in the tubesheet or point of exit of the products of com- Ibustion from the fire-pot, projecting from said tube-sheet into thefire-pot, and forming a combustion-chamber thereto. It further consistsin combining the annular or double-walled air-duct and com bustion-chamher with the annular or double-walled furnace-door by means ofconnecting air-supply tubes. It further consists in combiningsupply-tubes with the annular or doublewalled furnacedoor, and incertain details of construction and arrangement hereinafter fully setforth. 7

In speaking of the fire-pot, and the devices for supplying airthereto,that part-of it to which thedoor is attached will be called the forwardend, though in locomotive-furnaces, relatively, the said end will, ofcourse, be really the rear end of said fire-pot.

In the accompanying drawings, A represents a locomotive-boiler, of anyusual or preferred construction, within which is placed the fire-pot B,made in anydesired form, and inclosed at the sides, top, and ends withina water-jacket in the usual manner. In the forward end of this fire-pot,and passing from the same through the water-jacket, is the annular ordoublewalled door-casing G, the con struction of which is similar tothat described in Letters Patent granted to me September 14, 1875,except that in the present instance they may be formed at the sides ortop and bottom, or either only, as required; and, instead of being openin front, and provided with controlling'valves, as described in saidpatent, I prefer to close said air-ducts, and to connect them withair-supply tubes, as hereinafter explained, though of course the valr'escan be used either with or without the supplytubes, as preferred. Thedoor-casing is made to project outside of the fire-pot, and also throughand outside of the water-jacket, where the latter is used, and the outerside walls of this projecting end, or the front walls, where it ispreferred not to project the casing, have supply-pipes D D connectedwith them, ex-

tending. laterally to the sides of the boiler,

Where they areturned forward and passed through the projecting forwardwalls of the engine-cab, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, in such manner thatthe forward open mouth of the vice for that purpose.

pipe shall face the direct-ion in which the engine is advancing. By thisarrangement the air is forced into the tubes, and thence into the airducts or spaces between the double walls of. the door-easin g, with apressure pro portionate to the speedat which the engine moves, and thispressure may be increased by giving to the open or receiving end ofthese pipes a bell-shaped mouth, as shown in Fig.6 in section.

For controlling the amount of air admitted, the mouth d of eachsupply-pipe is provided with a pivoted valve, d, arranged withinconvenient reach of the attendant, and adapted to be adjusted eitherdirectly by hand or by means of cords or chains extending within thecab, and held at any desired adjustment by means of hooks, buttons, orother suitable de- These cords, chains, or levers for adjusting thevalves 01 may, if desired, be connected with the furnace-door in suchmanner that when said door is opened for putting on a supply of fuel, orfor other purpose, the valves will be closed cutting off the supply ofair not required when the furnace door is open.

The valves 01 maybe provided with a series of small perforations, asshown in front eleva tion, Fig. 6, for admitting a limited quantityofair to the supply-tubes D D, when said valves are closed.

The lower horizontal duct of the door-casing has a tubular enlargementor transverse air-pipe, E, connected with its inner end, with 'in thefire-pot, and extending horizontally through the ducts in thefurnace-door and pipe E'is forced out in the form of minute jets orspray at the lower forward end and corners of the fire-pot for promotingcombustion at these points. I

At the rear end or wall of the fire-pot, or Where the products ofcombustion pass out, ordinarily called thetube-sheet, and surrounding orpartially surrounding the mouths of the tubes or exit-openingsI place anannular or double-walled duct, G, its rear end resting against or inclose proximity with said rear wall, and projecting thence for-ward intothe fire-pot, and overhanging the rear end of the fire-grate, as shownby the drawings, the extent of its projection being governed by the formor construction of the furnace to which it is applied. This annular ductforms within itself a central combustion-chamber, H, open in front, andthrough which the prorluctsof combustion escaping from the fire-pot mustpass, and is provided on its outer sides, and

upon the lower walls of the top and bottom portions, with numerous smallperforations, through which air is forced into the lire-pot around it,and into the combustion-chamber H itself.

Air is conveyed to the duct G through pipes F F, connecting it withtheducts through the double-walled doorcasiu g G, and, through saidcasing, with the supply-pipes D 'D, and passin g through theperforations g 9, around and inside of said duct and combustion-chamberin the form of numerous minute jets, is made to mingle with the productsof combustion rising from the fire-pot around and passing centrallythrough said combustion-chamber, just at those points where, from thelack of a sufficient supply of air in furnaces as usuallyconstructed,combustion is greatly retarded or entirely suppressed.

In practice the side and upper portions of the duct should be removedsufficiently from the adjacent walls of the fire-pot to permit theproducts of combustion to pass entirely around it, and the lower part Gshould be shortened up, leaving a space between the end thereof and theadjacent rear wall or tube sheet of the fire-pot, as shown, throughwhich the cinders and other unburned portions of-the fuel drawn up intothe combustion-chamber can escape again into the fire-pot, therebypreventing them from banking-up against said tubesheet.-

In some cases it may be found advisable or necessary, from theconstruction of the furnace, to omit the upper horizontal portion ofsaid double-walled duct, leaving only the sides and lower portion, foraffording the products of combustion free access to the upper wall ofthe fire-pot, said wall forming also one of the walls of the boiler andin others it maybe of service to give to the bottom portion of the ducta position inclining from front to rear, so that the products ofcombustion may more readily rise and pass forwardto the mouth of thecombustion-chamber H; but these, with other modifications in the form ofthe annular or double-walled duct and combustion-chamber, will readilysuggest themselves to the skilled builders of the furnaces to which theyare to be applied. v

In most of cases the outer walls of said duct willbe sufficientlyremoved from the adjacentboiler-walls to prevent any cooling action ofthe air thereon 5 but this will, in great measure, be obviated by thepassage of the air through the furnace in the pipes F, in which it willbe heated and prepared to combine readily with the escaping gasesarising from combustion.

The duct can be bolted through flanges to the rear .wall of thefire-pot, and may be supported at its forward end by angular straps orlegs, it required.

In some cases it may be found desirable to 7 connect the pipes Fdirectly with the supplypipes D D, leaving the pipe E to be supplied.through valves at the forward end of the door-casing, as explained; butfor many pur poses the construction above described is preferred.

A man-hole is provided at the forward end of the lower part of thisduct, (shown at 9 through which obstructing matter that may accumulatetherein canbe readily withdrawn when required.

Any desired form may be given to the double-walled door-casing,-(as alsoto the airduct G,) modifications therein being indicated in Fig. 7.These walls may either be cast in one piece, with connecting front orrear walls, or they may be made separate, with intervening tubular staysand countersunk throughbolts, as indicated at c, Fig. 7, and the frontand rear walls (either or both) may be bolted thereto through suitableflanges for that purpose.

The furnace-door 0* may be of any usual construction, either single ordouble walled, as desired, conforming to the shape of the casing, andhinged thereto in any usual manner; but 1 preferto hinge it at its upperedge, as shown in Fig. 3, and to connect therewith a chain, I, runningup and over pulleys t" i, and having its opposite pendent end connectedwith a weight, I, suificiently heavy to counterbalance the weight of thedoor.

By this arrangement, when the door is closed, the weight having littleor no leverage, the door will remain firmly closed until opened by theattendant; and vice versa, when the door is thrown up, as shown in thefigure, it has little or no leverage upon the weight, and will remainopen until it is moved by the attendant sufficiently far to give itleverage enough to continue its closing action automatically.

The-form or direction of the supply-pipes D D is indicated in Figs. 2and 3, and in dotted lines, Fig. 1, and, by preference, is such as tobring their months out above the cab-seats through the forwardprojecting walls or face of the cab; but this, of course, may be variedto suit the construction of the engine and cab, or the judgment of thebuilder.

The direction of the connecting-pipes F is shown in Fig. l, and indotted lines, Fig. 2,

' though, of course, the direction may be varied to suit the form orconstruction of the furnace.

The air tube or cylinder E, with its branches 6, instead of extendingalong the front walls only of the fire-pot, and terminating at the sidewalls, may, in some cases, be turned and.

continued along the side or side and rear walls, and in other cases itmay be found desirable to connect it at the rear with the duct G,thereby increasing the supply of heated air to said duct.

Under the arrangement of the d ouble-walled duct G, at that portion ofthe fire-pot where it is exposed to intense heat it may be foundnecessary to provide it, on its outer exposed surface, with ribs,corrugations, or projecting points or spurs, and to coat said roughenedsurface with a cement of asbestus and fireclay or other fire-proofmaterial.

The arrows in the sectional views, Figs. 1 and 2, indicate approximatelythe direction of the currents of air supplied to the fire-pot andcombustion-cha niber through the arrangement of pipes and ductsdescribed.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The combination, with the annular or double-walled door-casing, ofthe transverse air duct or tube E, arranged inside the firepot, andprovided with the distributingbranches, substantially as described.

2. The annular or double-walled door-casing, in combination with thesupply-tubes D, substantially as and for the purpose described.

3. The air-supply tubes D, arranged and operating, in connection withthedoubleyvalled door-casing, substantially as described, in combinationwith the valves for regulating and controlling the admission of air, asdescribed.

4. The perforated annular or double-walled

